A Comparative Analysis of the Kang Pisman Movement and the BKG Project in the Bandung–Kawasaki Sister City Partnership
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58230/1cx87j14Keywords:
Paradiplomacy, Subnational Government, Environmental Issues, Sustainability, SDGsAbstract
This study aims to compare the implementation of the Kang Pisman movement and the Bandung-Kawasaki Gesuido (BKG) Project in Bandung within the Bandung-Kawasaki sister city partnership.
This study employs a qualitative method using thematic analysis. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and a literature review.
The study finds that the Kang Pisman and the BKG Project employ different mechanisms for transferring, adapting, and localizing Kawasaki environmental knowledge and practices in Bandung. These differences are reflected in their focus, objectives, approaches, educational strategies, and expected outcomes. Kang Pisman focuses on solid waste management, while the BKG Project focuses on wastewater management. Kang Pisman promotes waste reduction, separation, reuse, and recycling, whereas the BKG Project aims to strengthen technical knowledge and public awareness of wastewater management. Kang Pisman adopts a more bottom-up approach, while the BKG Project tends to employ a more top-down approach. Kang Pisman seeks to develop waste-conscious lifestyles and garbage-free areas, whereas the BKG Project aims to improve government capacity and public awareness of wastewater management.
This study presents an empirical contribution by demonstrating that the same sister city partnership can generate different modes of knowledge transfer depending on the actors, target groups, type of environmental problems, and implementation mechanism. This study gives a theoretical contribution to paradiplomacy literature by showing that paradiplomacy can facilitate the transfer, adaptation, and localization of environmental knowledge, values, and practices between city governments.
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