Artificial Intelligence from an Islamic Ethical Perspective: A Hybrid Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Destriani; Idi Warsah; M. Arif Rahman Hakim; Andang Sunarto

doi:10.58230/wp4c5766

Authors

Destriani UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu
Idi Warsah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup
M. Arif Rahman Hakim UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu
Andang Sunarto UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58230/wp4c5766

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Ethics, Maqasid al-Shariah, Systematic Literature Review, Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into finance, education, healthcare, governance, and religious life highlights the need for ethical frameworks beyond predominantly Western/Eurocentric principles of fairness, accountability, and transparency. Islamic ethics, grounded in maqaṣid al-shariʿah, tauhid, and amanah, offers a distinctive normative perspective. This study conducts a hybrid systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis of Scopus indexed literature on AI from an Islamic ethical perspective. Using TITLE-ABS-KEY("Artificial Intelligence" and "Islamic ethic"), 115 records were identified on 25 September 2026. After screening for relevance, document type, and language, 31 English-language journal articles published between 2023 and 2026 were retained. Qualitative synthesis and descriptive bibliometric analysis were conducted using Scopus metadata and VOSviewer. Publications increased from 3 documents in 2023 to 4 in 2024, 10 in 2025, and 14 in 2026, although the 2026 figure represents a partial year. The literature is concentrated in Malaysia (11 documents) and Indonesia (10), followed by Saudi Arabia (5) and Qatar (4). Keyword analysis identifies three major thematic clusters: Islamic legal governance and fatwa, Shariah compliant Islamic finance, and AI integration in Islamic and higher education. This study contributes an integrated SLR-bibliometric mapping of AI and Islamic ethics, addressing a gap in the existing literature and identifying emerging conceptual dimensions of the field.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ab Razak, M. R. B., Nasrul, M. A. B. D., & Abbas, I. (2026). Towards a Sharīʿah-Compliant Framework for AI-Supported Fatwa in Malaysian Hajj Management: A Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah and Governance Perspective. Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 25(1), 39–80. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol25.iss1.art2

Adara, R. A., Victorynie, I., Hidayati, I. N., Rosyid, A., & Hidayati, P. S. (2026). Ethical integration of generative AI and students’ motivation in academic writing: An exploratory practice in an Islamic higher education context. Register Journal, 19(1), 173–195. https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v19i1.173-195

Alshaer, B. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Applications in Financial Markets from a Shari’ah Perspective. Manchester Journal of Transnational Islamic Law and Practice, 20(4), 1–12.

Al-Zahrani, M. A. A., Albahiri, M. H., & Alhaj, A. A. M. (2026). Ethical and Value-Based Dimensions of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Saudi Higher Education: Faculty Perspectives from King Khalid University. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 25(3), 317–342. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.25.3.14

Arifudin, Y. F., & Akil, A. (2025). Integrating artificial intelligence into Islamic religious education: Toward a model for ethical and values-based technology adoption in faith-based schools. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.24235/tarbawi.v10i2.20988

Baharuddin, M. (2026). Bridging Islamic Technological Heritage with Modern Innovations: Ethical and Practical Perspectives. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 21(1), 71–94. https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol21no1.5

Brown, V., Larasati, R., Kwarteng, J., & Farrell, T. (2026). Understanding AI and power: Situated perspectives from Global North and South practitioners. AI & SOCIETY, 41(4), 3981–3996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02731-x

Chin, A. H. B., Al-Balas, Q., Ahmad, M. F., Alsomali, N., & Ghaly, M. (2024). Islamic Perspectives on Polygenic Testing and Selection of IVF Embryos (PGT-P) for Optimal Intelligence and Other Non–Disease-Related Socially Desirable Traits. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 21(3), 441–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-023-10293-0

Elmahjub, E. (2023). Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Ethics: Towards Pluralist Ethical Benchmarking for AI. Philosophy and Technology, 36(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00668-x

Fellah, S., Bedarnia, M., & M’ziou, O. (2026). Artificial intelligence ethics in Islamic society: Towards an integrative approach between Maqasid al-Shariah and international standards for AI governance. 27–35. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-711-8_4

Firmansyah, E. A., & Harsanto, B. (2022). Islamic fintech research: Systematic review using mainstream databases. Etikonomi, 21(2), 355–368.

Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., Luetge, C., Madelin, R., Pagallo, U., Rossi, F., Schafer, B., Valcke, P., & Vayena, E. (2018). AI4People—An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and Recommendations. Minds and Machines, 28(4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5

Ghaemi Asl, M., Shahzad, U., & Khaksar, S. (2026). The Global AI & Technology Market: A Nexus with Morally-Guided and Islamic Ethics-Screened Investing Opportunities. International Journal of Finance and Economics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.70282

Ghaly, M. (2024). What Makes Work “Good” in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Islamic Perspectives on AI-Mediated Work Ethics. Journal of Ethics, 28(3), 429–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09456-3

Hagendorff, T. (2020). The Ethics of AI Ethics: An Evaluation of Guidelines. Minds and Machines, 30(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09517-8

Imelda, N. F., Yusuf, W. F., Mubarok, A., & Mohtarom, A. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence and academic integrity in Islamic religious education. Tawazun: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.32832/tawazun.v19i2.23019

Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(9), 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2

Kalyoncu, R. T. (2026). Transhumanism from the Perspective of Classical Islamic Philosophical Ethics (CIPE). Religions, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17070787

Kannike, U. M. M., & Fahm, A. O. (2025). EXPLORING THE ETHICAL GOVERNANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FROM AN ISLAMIC ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE. Jurnal Fiqh, 22(1), 134–161. https://doi.org/10.22452/fiqh.vol22no1.5

Maiga, M. H. (2025). Achieving Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah through Artificial Intelligence: Mechanisms of Facilitation, Control, and Quality Assurance. Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab, 7(1), 54–70. https://doi.org/10.24252/mazahibuna.vi.55038

Mittelstadt, B. (2019). Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(11), 501–507. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0114-4

Mohadi, M., & Tarshany, Y. (2023). Maqasid Al-Shari’ah and the ethics of artificial intelligence. Journal of Contemporary Maqasid Studies, 2(2), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.52100/jcms.v2i2.107

Najib, N. W. M., Basarud-din, S. K., & Fazial, F. (2025). Artificial intelligence (AI) in Islamic finance: A Maqasid al-Shariah perspective. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 10(40), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJLGC.1040003

Novita, M., Zulhimma, Z., At Thaariq, Z. Z., & Rokimin, R. (2025). Ethical generative AI governance in madrasah: An empirically grounded Islamic educational leadership framework. Edureligia: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.33650/edureligia.v8i2.11467

Passas, I. (2024). Bibliometric analysis: The main steps. Encyclopedia, 4(2), 1014–1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4020065

Raquib, A., Channa, B., Zubair, T., & Qadir, J. (2022). Islamic virtue-based ethics for artificial intelligence. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 2(1).

Saadah, M. (2025). Artificial intelligence ethics and maqasid al-Shariah in Islamic religious education for Malaysian universities. Muaddib: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 3(1).

Setiaji, A. (2026). Integrating artificial intelligence in Islamic religious education: Pedagogical opportunities, ethical challenges, and teacher competencies. Edukasia: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 7(1), 677–688. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v7i1.2152

Solaiman, B., & Cohen, I. G. (2024). Islamic ethico-legal perspectives on medical accountability in the age of artificial intelligence. In Research handbook on health, AI and the law. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Tricahyo, A., Falaqi, M. R., Shobirin, Inayah, Isnainiyah, Aulia, M., Wahhab, A., & Syarofit, M. K. (2026). Understanding students’ experiences with generative AI in Arabic language education at Islamic universities in Indonesia. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2026.2712408

Zafar, M. B., & Ali, H. (2025). Shariah governance standard on generative AI for Islamic financial institutions. In SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5143165