Hambatan dalam Pencegahan Perundungan di Sekolah Menengah: Potensi Tepa Salira sebagai Landasan Pengembangan Intervensi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58230/ijier.v3i2.724Keywords:
bullying, tepa salira, Bimbingan dan Konseling, Perundungan, RemajaAbstract
Perundungan merupakan masalah sosial yang masih persisten di lingkungan sekolah sehingga memerlukan strategi pencegahan yang kontekstual dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji praktik pencegahan perundungan, hambatan struktural dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling, serta potensi tepa salira sebagai kerangka kearifan lokal dalam pengembangan intervensi preventif. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain multisitus pada lima sekolah menengah pertama (SMP). Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semiterstruktur dengan guru bimbingan dan konseling serta observasi nonpartisipan, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik melalui analisis dalam situs dan lintas situs. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara nilai-nilai normatif yang dikembangkan sekolah dan perilaku sosial siswa, yang ditunjukkan oleh masih terjadinya agresi verbal serta kesulitan dalam menerapkan kepatutan sosial, empati, dan pengendalian diri. Analisis lintas situs juga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kondisi struktural layanan bimbingan dan konseling. Dua dari lima sekolah menyediakan waktu khusus untuk konseling, sedangkan tiga sekolah lainnya tidak, sehingga konselor perlu menyesuaikan layanan preventif melalui penjadwalan yang fleksibel, pemanfaatan media digital, dan pendekatan proaktif kepada siswa. Pencegahan dan penanganan perundungan juga memerlukan koordinasi antara guru bimbingan dan konseling dengan berbagai aktor sekolah, bukan hanya mengandalkan konseling individual. Dalam konteks tersebut, tepa salira berpotensi menjadi kerangka berbasis kearifan lokal untuk memperkuat empati, pengambilan perspektif, kesadaran sosial, dan regulasi diri dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling preventif. Temuan ini memberikan dasar empiris bagi pengembangan layanan pencegahan perundungan yang kontekstual dan berbasis kearifan lokal, meskipun efektivitas intervensi berbasis tepa salira masih perlu diuji secara empiris.
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