Modal Sosial Lintas Agama pada Organisasi Kerohanian Mahasiswa: Studi Kasus Kualitatif dan Kerangka Konseptual Tiga Ranah di Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Cross-Faith Social Capital in Religious Student Organizations: A Qualitative Case Study and a Three-Domain Conceptual Framework at Universitas Sam Ratulangi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58230/a6p12n45Keywords:
Modal Sosial, Linking Social Capital, Bridging Social Capital, Toleransi Beragama, Organisasi Kerohanian MahasiswaAbstract
Organisasi kerohanian mahasiswa di kampus yang majemuk secara agama kerap diharapkan memperkuat solidaritas internal, tetapi apakah ikatan itu juga membuka relasi lintas agama masih merupakan pertanyaan empiris. Studi kasus kualitatif di Universitas Sam Ratulangi (UNSRAT), Manado, bertujuan mengidentifikasi praktik toleransi pengurus organisasi kerohanian Islam, Kristen, dan Katolik; menganalisis bekerjanya kepercayaan, jaringan, resiprositas, dan norma dalam modal sosial mengikat (bonding), menjembatani (bridging), dan vertikal (linking); mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambat; serta merumuskan kerangka konseptual penguatan modal sosial lintas agama. Data dikumpulkan pada Juli–September 2026 melalui wawancara semiterstruktur dengan 24 informan (20 mahasiswa dari 11 fakultas, tiga Wakil Dekan Bidang Kemahasiswaan, dan satu dosen Agama Islam), observasi, dan telaah program kerja. Berlandaskan teori Putnam, Szreter dan Woolcock, teori fokus Feld, serta teori kontak antarkelompok, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa bonding dan bridging berjalan berdampingan: ikatan internal dibangun melalui program masing-masing organisasi, sedangkan relasi lintas agama terbentuk terutama dalam kepanitiaan fakultas, bakti sosial, dan rapat organisasi kemahasiswaan. Bridging masih episodik dan ditopang oleh kepercayaan dari kerja sama berulang, resiprositas sehari-hari, serta norma menahan diri dan klarifikasi. Unsur kelembagaan menyediakan perlakuan setara, fasilitas, dan insentif, tetapi forum antarorganisasi yang permanen belum ada. Hambatan utamanya jadwal padat, ruang pertemuan rutin yang terbatas, dan provokasi di media sosial. Kerangka Konseptual Tiga Ranah masih berupa rekomendasi konseptual yang belum divalidasi karena data berasal dari satu kampus.
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